Brutkey

Project Gutenberg
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Before Newton: How the Islamic Golden Age Shaped the Physics We Know

Remarkable discoveries were made during the Islamic Golden Age, which laid the foundation for the study of physics as we know it.

by Matt Whittaker

https://www.thecollector.com/how-did-physics-begin-islamic-golden-age/

Books in Physics at PG:
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/bookshelf/103

#books #science #physics #history

An illustration from al-Biruni's astronomical works, explains the different phases of the Moon, with respect to the position of the Sun, from manuscript of the Kitab al-Tafhim by Al-Biruni (973-1048).

The illustration demonstrates:
The Moon's orbit shown by the elliptical path with red lines;
Different phases of the Moon represented by the circles divided into black and illuminated (red/white) portions;
The Sun's position (indicated by the Arabic text on the right: "al-shams" meaning "the sun");
Geometric lines showing the relationship between the Sun's light and the Moon's appearance from Earth;
Arabic annotations explaining the astronomical concepts.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Biruni#/media/File:Lunar_phases_al-Biruni.jpg