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An illustration from al-Biruni's astronomical works, explains the different phases of the Moon, with respect to the position of the Sun,  from manuscript of the Kitab al-Tafhim by Al-Biruni (973-1048).

The illustration demonstrates:
The Moon's orbit shown by the elliptical path with red lines;
Different phases of the Moon represented by the circles divided into black and illuminated (red/white) portions;
The Sun's position (indicated by the Arabic text on the right: "al-shams" meaning "the sun");
Geometric lines showing the relationship between the Sun's light and the Moon's appearance from Earth;
Arabic annotations explaining the astronomical concepts.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Biruni#/media/File:Lunar_phases_al-Biruni.jpg
🏷🏷️ ID
ahn6k91g1tgf0nr6
📛📛 Name
3c9e9aa864cc3d78.jpg
📆📆 Created At
2026-01-18T10:51:25.252Z
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image/jpeg
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⛓️ MD5
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📜📜 Alt Text / Comment
An illustration from al-Biruni's astronomical works, explains the different phases of the Moon, with respect to the position of the Sun, from manuscript of the Kitab al-Tafhim by Al-Biruni (973-1048). The illustration demonstrates: The Moon's orbit shown by the elliptical path with red lines; Different phases of the Moon represented by the circles divided into black and illuminated (red/white) portions; The Sun's position (indicated by the Arabic text on the right: "al-shams" meaning "the sun"); Geometric lines showing the relationship between the Sun's light and the Moon's appearance from Earth; Arabic annotations explaining the astronomical concepts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Biruni#/media/File:Lunar_phases_al-Biruni.jpg
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