Notes | Brutkey

Status of the most recent monthly-averaged greenhouse gases including carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide.

Observations provided by https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/

Graphic shows three line graph time series of monthly carbon dioxide abundance in ppm (blue line), monthly methane abundance in ppb (red line), and monthly nitrous oxide in ppb (purple line). Graphs are all shown from January 1984 through July 2025/April 2025. Current levels of CO2 are 428 ppm. Current levels of methane are 1935 ppb. Current levels of nitrous oxide are 339 ppb. All graphs show long-term increasing trends along with some interannual variability and seasonality.

Zack Labe
@ZLabe@fediscience.org

Last month was the 3rd hottest July on record globally. The ten hottest Julys ever recorded have all happened since 2016.

Data by NOAAGlobalTemp v6.0.0 (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/land-based-station/noaa-global-temp). See more in the NOAA monthly summary: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/202507

A line graph shows the time series of global mean surface temperature anomalies for each July from 1850 through 2025. There is a long-term increasing trend and large year-to-year variability. The mean surface temperature anomaly in July 2025 was 1.0°C globally. Anomalies are computed relative to a 1901-2000 climate baseline. A map of temperature anomalies in July 2025 is also shown. Red shading is for warmer than average temperatures, and blue shading is shown for colder than average temperatures. The climatological baseline on the map is relative to 1971 to 2000. All data is from NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI NOAAGlobalTemp v6.0.0 on this graphic.

Zack Labe
@ZLabe@fediscience.org

My #Arctic sea-ice thickness and volume graphics are now updated for July 2025: https://zacklabe.com/arctic-sea-ice-volumethickness/ #SciComm #DataViz #OpenScience #OpenData

Zack Labe
@ZLabe@fediscience.org

Last month observed above average temperatures across most of Greenland, with the largest departures occurring toward the center of the ice sheet.

Data provided by @CopernicusECMWF@masto.ai ERA5 reanalysis.

Map of Greenland showing 2-m air temperature anomalies in July 2025. Red shading is shown for warmer than average temperatures, and blue shading is shown colder than average temperatures. Anomalies are calculated relative to 1981-2010.

Zack Labe
@ZLabe@fediscience.org

Monday ice update - #Arctic sea ice extent is currently the 8th lowest on record (JAXA data)...

• about 80,000 km² below the 2010s mean
• about 1,030,000 km² below the 2000s mean
• about 1,930,000 km² below the 1990s mean
• about 2,640,000 km² below the 1980s mean

More: https://zacklabe.com/arctic-sea-ice-extentconcentration/

Line graph time series of 2025's daily Arctic sea ice extent compared to decadal averages from the 1980s to the 2010s. The decadal averages are shown with different colored lines with purple for the 1980s, blue for the 1990s, green for the 2000s, and white for the 2010s. Thin white lines are also shown for each year from 2000 to 2024. 2025 is shown with a thick gold line. There is a long-term decreasing trend in ice extent for every day of the year shown on this graph between June and September by looking at the decadal average line positions.

Zack Labe
@ZLabe@fediscience.org

Temperature anomalies (departure from average) around our planet for the last month (left), 3 months (center), and 12 months (right)... note the band of warmth across the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes.

Data from https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.f17050d7

Three Robinson projection maps showing 2-m air temperature anomalies in July 2025, May 2025 to July 2025, and August 2024 to July 2025 across the globe. Red shading is shown for warmer anomalies, and blue shading is shown for colder anomalies. Most areas are warmer than average. The mean global near-surface air temperature anomaly for each map is also displayed in the upper-left corner. Anomalies are calculated relative to a 1981-2010 baseline. Data is from ERA5 reanalysis using the 2-m air temperature variable.

Zack Labe
@ZLabe@fediscience.org

My U.S. climate indicators page continues to grow. What trends or metrics should I add next?

📊 https://zacklabe.com/united-states-climate-indicators/

Screenshot showing a variability of different climate-related graphics for different United States climate change indicators from https://zacklabe.com/.

Zack Labe
@ZLabe@fediscience.org

Last month's total #Arctic sea ice volume averaged the 5th lowest on record for the month of July. This was about 60% below 1979 levels and 41% below the 1979-2024 July average.

More at https://zacklabe.com/arctic-sea-ice-volumethickness/. Data from PIOMAS 🥼❄️🌊

Zack Labe
@ZLabe@fediscience.org

#Arctic climate rankings are now in for July 2025: https://zacklabe.com/archive-2025/. No new records this month. #DataViz #SciComm #OpenData

Zack Labe
@ZLabe@fediscience.org

Methane (CH₄) is a potent greenhouse gas. Here are the latest monthly observations...

April 2025 - 1934.9 ppb
April 2024 - 1929.0 ppb

+ Data: https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends_ch4/
+ More info on methane budget and trends: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1873-2025

Red colored line graph time series of global atmospheric methane abundance from January 1984 through April 2025. Methane abundance is measured in units of parts per billion. Current levels are 1935 ppb. A seasonal cycle is visible on the graph. There is also decadal variability and a long-term increasing trend.